How can oxides of nitrogen emissions be minimized in vehicles?

Implementing catalytic converters in vehicles is an effective way to minimize emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Catalytic converters are devices installed in the exhaust systems of vehicles that contain catalysts, usually made of precious metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium. These catalysts facilitate chemical reactions that convert harmful gases produced during combustion.

In the case of nitrogen oxides, the catalytic converter promotes reactions that convert NOx back into nitrogen and oxygen, which are harmless and naturally occurring gases. This process significantly reduces the amount of NOx emitted into the atmosphere from vehicle exhaust.

The other options do not effectively address the reduction of nitrogen oxides emissions. Relying solely on diesel engines often leads to higher NOx emissions compared to gasoline engines. Increasing fuel consumption would typically result in higher emissions across the board, including NOx. While reducing emissions from power plants is important for overall air quality, it does not directly impact emissions from individual vehicles. Therefore, using catalytic converters is a targeted and efficient method to specifically tackle nitrogen oxide emissions from vehicles.