How do catalytic converters help in reducing the environmental impact of cars?

Catalytic converters play a critical role in reducing the environmental impact of cars by converting harmful gases produced during combustion into less harmful substances. When fuel burns in an engine, it creates exhaust gases that contain pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons. The catalytic converter contains catalysts, typically noble metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium, which facilitate chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

These catalysts promote reactions that convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and oxygen, and unburned hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water. By transforming these toxic emissions into less harmful gases, catalytic converters significantly lower the levels of pollutants released into the atmosphere, thereby improving air quality and contributing to a reduction in smog and respiratory problems associated with vehicle emissions. This functionality directly addresses environmental issues and supports regulatory efforts aimed at reducing automotive pollution.