What does the process of sedimentation accomplish in water treatment?

Sedimentation in water treatment is a crucial process that effectively removes large solids from water. During this process, water is allowed to stand undisturbed in a tank or basin, where heavier particles such as sand, silt, and other sediments settle to the bottom due to gravity. This leaves behind clearer water at the top, which can then be further treated or distributed.

The significance of sedimentation lies in its ability to significantly reduce the turbidity of the water, which is essential for ensuring that subsequent treatment processes, like filtration and disinfection, work more effectively. By eliminating larger particles, sedimentation helps prevent clogging of filters and improves the efficiency of other purification methods.

The other options, while related to water treatment, do not align with the primary function of sedimentation. Adding chemicals typically occurs during coagulation and flocculation, sterilization focuses on eliminating microorganisms often through chemical or heat means, and filtering to remove microorganisms happens in later stages of treatment.